Defining Management (Chapter 1 Part 1)

When I walk around in the library, I found the book from James F. Stoner. That book has a title “Management” published by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632 in years 1978.  The book has 24 chapter 683 pages including Name Index and Subject Index.

Alright now I invite you to discover the Chapter One about Managing and Managers. This chapter has 7 parts, let’s discusses one by one starting from Defining Management.

Like many areas of study that involve people, management is quit difficult to define. In fact we know that no definition of management has been universally accepted. But Stoner said that there was one popular definition is by Mary Parker Follett: Management, she says, is “the art of getting things done through people.” That is the keywords “Through the other people”. This definition calls attention to the fact that managers achieve their goals by arranging for others to perform whatever tasks may be necessary – not by performing the task by them self.

From that simply explanation we could know that Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the efforts of organizational members and the use of other organizational resources in order to achieve stated organizational goals.

Planning means that managers or leaders thinking their action through in advance.

Organizing means that managers or leaders do coordinate the human and material resources of the organization.

Leading means that managers or leaders direct and influence subordinates.

Controlling means that managers or leaders attempt to assure that the organization is moving toward its goals.

Finally my definition is that management involves achieving the organizations “stated goals”. This means that managers or leaders of any organization try to attain specific ends. This ends will, of course will vary and different with each organizations. Whatever the stated goals of a particular organization, management is the process by which the goals are achieved. It is exactly what done Mary Parker said about “Getting things done through people”.

Managing people effectively in extension programmes is a skill that requires constant planning and development. An extension programme manager can be defined as the person who is vested with formal authority over an organization or one of its sub units. He or she has status that leads to various interpersonal relations, and from this comes access to information. Information, in turn, enables the manager to devise strategies, make decisions, and implement action (Mintzberg, 1988). Management is concerned with the optimum attainment of organizational goals and objectives with and through other people. Extension management organizations are characterized by many strategies, wide spans of control, democracy, and autonomy. Their management practices cannot be reduced to one standard set of operating guidelines that will work for all organizations continually. However, all managers of professional organizations face the same challenge: to manage one’s time, objectives, and resources in order to accomplish tasks and implement ideas (Waldron, 1994).

Managers of extension programmes are painfully aware of the need for revision and development of the new skill sets held by today’s high performers. If change is not handled correctly, it can be more devastating then ever before. High performers reflect, discover, assess, and act. They know that a new focus on connecting the heads, hearts, and hands of people in their organization is necessary. Astute managers know what needs to be done but struggle with how to do it. Quite often they prefer to consider themselves as teachers or communicators rather than managers. This results in under-utilization of the increasing amount of literature on management theory and practice. The root of the problem is implementation. They must learn how to motivate others and build an efficient team.

More formally defined, management is the process by which people, technology, job tasks, and other resources are combined and coordinated so as to effectively achieve organizational objectives. A process or function is a group of related activities contributing to a larger action. Management functions are based on a common philosophy and approach. They centre around the following:

1. Developing and clarifying mission, policies, and objectives of the agency or organization2. Establishing formal and informal organizational structures as a means of delegating authority and sharing responsibilities

3. Setting priorities and reviewing and revising objectives in terms of changing demands

4. Maintaining effective communications within the working group, with other groups, and with the larger community

5. Selecting, motivating, training, and appraising staff

6. Securing funds and managing budgets; evaluating accomplishments and

7. Being accountable to staff, the larger enterprise, and to the community at large (Waldron, 1994b).

The management functions listed above can be categorized by using the acronym POSDCORB (Bonoma & Slevin, 1978, from Gulick & Urwick, 1959):

· Planning: outlining philosophy, policy, objectives, and resultant things to be accomplished, and the techniques for accomplishment· Organizing: establishing structures and systems through which activities are arranged, defined, and coordinated in terms of some specific objectives

· Staffing: fulfilling the personnel function, which includes selecting and training staff and maintaining favourable work conditions

· Directing: making decisions, embodying decisions in instructions, and serving as the leader of the enterprise

· Coordinating: interrelating the various parts of the work

· Reporting: keeping those to whom you are responsible, including both staff and public, informed

· Budgeting: making financial plans, maintaining accounting and management control of revenue, and keeping costs in line with objectives

Read the rest of this entry »

Hmm

Why planning so important? This is my question when i had college for the first time. I gave my lecture that question, because its really interesting for me… to know the answer.
That times, I am not to familiar with internet, because a few reasons, like: 1) there was no internet network on my campus (so sad); 2) I had limited money; 3) less knowledge about internet.
Nowadays, I have change !. Now I can improve my knowledge with internet. So… i just typing on Google “why is planning important ?” Wow…. incredibly, i have found a lot of results.
The best result about Why is planning important, I took from Jeff Willis .
Why is Planning Important ?
The answer is : Read the rest of this entry »

Definition of Management from a few source, that i had found it on google are showed below:
# the act of managing something;
# those in charge of running a business
(Source: wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn)
Management in all business and human organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals. …
(Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management)
# manage – pull off: be successful; achieve a goal; “She succeeded in persuading us all”; “I managed to carry the box upstairs”; “She pulled it off, even …
# manage – be in charge of, act on, or dispose of; “I can deal with this crew of workers”; “This blender can’t handle nuts”; “She managed her parents’ affairs after they got too old”
# manage – cope: come to terms with; “We got by on just a gallon of gas”; “They made do on half a loaf of bread every day”
# manage – oversee: watch and direct; “Who is overseeing this project?”
# manage – wangle: achieve something by means of trickery or devious methods
# manage – do: carry on or function; “We could do with a little more help around here”
# manage – wield: handle effectively; “The burglar wielded an axe”; “The young violinist didn’t manage her bow very well”
(Spurce: wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn)

My opinion about Definition of Management is:
“An art to solve a problems trough the other people”

This time, you can download handout of Basic Management “Pengantar Manajemen”. This handout was created by my partner Puteri Andika Sari. She is an assistance of Basic Management that guided by Mrs. Yasnimar Ilyas, Dra., M.Si. on “STIE Dewantara Bogor”.
First handout title is “Pengantar Manajemen Pendahuluan” you can easily download by click here
Second handout title is “Fungsi Manajemen Organizing” you can easily download by click here
Third handout title is “Fungsi Manajemen Controlling” you can easily download by click here

I think enough for this time. I would like to thanks to Miss Puteri Andika Sari, for contribution on this site. Hopefully this can be useful to every one.. Thanks

Perencanaan (Planning) merupakan sebuah proses dasar di mana manajemen memutuskan tujuan dan cara mencapainya. Implementasinya dalam organisasi sangat esensial, dikarenakan fungsi manajemen lainnya merupakan pelaksanaan dari keputusan-keputusan dalam perencanaan. Perencanaan harus mempertimbangkan kebutuhan fleksibilitas, agar mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan situasi dan kondisi baru secepat mungkin.
Terdapat empat tahap dasar perencanaan, yaitu sebagai berikut: Read the rest of this entry »

Fungsi manajemen terdiri dari:

1. Planning

2. Organizing

3. Actuating

4. Controlling

Penjelasan lebih lanjut adalah sebagai berikut: Read the rest of this entry »